When it comes to deck coatings, my philosophy has been that education makes better consumers. When a consumer has full disclosure and the right information, they can make smart decisions. To that end, I have written several articles to help educate our clients and website visitors on the ins and out's of maintaining, buying and reserving for waterproof deck coatings. It is my hope that you will take this information and use it to ferret out the information you need to know from contractors and manufacturers.
In the pursuit of bringing consumers educational articles and information from other alternative sources, I have searched the web for educational articles on deck coatings/waterproofing. In the page below you'll find my articles listed and articles by other industry professionals. In the spirit of fair use, I have only posted excerpts from authors whose work is posted at other websites. A link to the authors website is provided for you to read the rest of the article.
Our Newest Article...IS Now Published in THE JOURNAL OF LIGHT CONSTRUCTION! <Click to read!
It's officially official...our newest article is in the nationally distributed JOURNAL OF LIGHT CONSTRUCTION in February 2010's issue.
We are very excited, especially since our own Ricky Rojas, foreman for Central Coast Waterproofing is on the cover!
Now thousands of tradesmen will learn about Desert Crete!
The subject property of the job is a Habitat for Humanity project in Grover Beach CA at Longbranch and Fifth Street.
READ OUR AWARD WINNING ARTICLE!
SB-800 and It's Effects on Decks and Their Warranties and Maintenance was published in Residential Contractor's Summer 2007 issue and won the 2007 Editor's Choice Award from CAI Greater Los Angeles.
"Bill Leys' excellent article on decking gets the word out on how SB-800 puts the burden on associations to be alert to warranty stipulations and to properly maintain decks if they want their warranties to remain valid." — Jacklyn Wolf, Focus Editor
Other Deck Articles by Bill Leys...
Deck Coatings and Their Care — Written for HOA's, this article has detailed and information filled advice on maintenance, bidding tips and reserving for deck coating, along with suggested questions to ask when bidding. This article has appeared in the following magazines and web sites:
- July/August 2003 Issue of CAI's Channel Islands Chapter – Channels of Communication
- October 2003 Issue of ECHOJournal
- August 2004 Issue of Condo Management's Florida, New England and California Regional Editions
- November/December 2004 Issue of CAI's GRIE Community Association News
- CAI's Bay Area & Central Valley Chapters Communicator
- Regenesis.net
- Community Associations
- Davis-Stirling.com
- Realty Times
- Association Times
Deck Coatings and Their Care (Apartment Version) — Written for Income Producing Properties, this guide helps owners to maintain their decks, what to look for when replacing a coating and information on what to ask the contractors bidding your work. This article has appeared in the following magazines and web sites:
- June 2004 Issue of Tri-County Apartment Associations Apartment Management
- October 2006 Issue of the Apartment Owners Association
Saving Money With New Technology — This article discusses the Desert Crete decking system from Hill Brothers and it's advantages for HOA's. This article has appear in the following magazines and web sites:
- 2005 Annual ECHO Seminar Program
- August 2005 Issue of ECHOJournal
- November/December 2005 Issue of CAI Channel Island Chapter's – Channels of Communication
Articles Coming Soon...
Reserving For Deck Coatings — This article will discuss the ins and outs of reserving for the maintenance of your deck coatings and the ultimate replacement of the coatings 20-30 years down the road.
ARTICLES BY OTHER AUTHORS
Disclaimer/Notice Regarding Fair Use of Copyrighted Materials
So here's the legal puke to help cover us...
Some articles listed on this website may be copyrighted material, the use of which has not been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. We make such material available in our efforts to advance understanding of construction, legal issues, manufacturer's materials and technical information , etc. We believe this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, the material on this site is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes. For more information go to the: Cornell Law Website. If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond fair use, you must obtain permission from the copyright owner.
By reading or subscribing to our website, you agree to use any information here for your own educational benefit and fair use. Happy reading!
Smart Ways to Handle Capital-Project Change Orders and Save Money
Stephen Varone and Peter Varsalona are principals at Rand Engineering & Architecture.
Common Sources of Failure of Tile Decks on Wood Frame Construction
By John Oglivie
This article is written by John Ogilvie, President and one of the owners of Duradek Ltd. Duradek has been waterproofing decks and balconies since 1974. Its products are only installed professionally by contractors trained and supported by Duradek and its network of distributors throughout the United States and Canada. The specific product referred to in this article is Duradek Ultra Tiledek, a roof membrane specifically designed and tested for the application of tile or stone overlays. More information can be found at www.duradek.com/tiledek.
Porcelain or Stone Tile on outdoor decks provides a beautiful surface but the failure rate is high. This paper discusses the common pitfalls of a tile overlay from the construction of the deck through the application of the top finish. It deals primarily with decks and balconies on wood frame buildings with a focus on protecting the structure with solid waterproofing (roofing) details. It also prepares the reader with the questions to ask when choosing tile, thinset mortars, decoupling and drainage mats and making decisions on slope and railing attachment.
There are few outdoor surfaces as attractive and durable as tile or stone and they can be used outdoors even in very extreme climates providing there is a great deal of care put into the choices of materials and trades people. As so often happens, attempts to cut corners on costs or by taking shortcuts, even ones that seem to make sense, result in the most expensive installations. The common themes in this report are to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations to the letter and employ only experienced professionals for each part of the job. The chances of a successful, long lasting installation increase exponentially if you do.
The most surprising thing we discovered was that that if you were willing to research the issue and look to the industry experts and follow the recommended “best practice” standards, the success rate would be dramatically increased. Simply knowing the questions to ask and who to ask is the first step to getting the right answers.
Some of the best advice given to us by a “long in the tooth” tile contractor was this: He tells his customers who are interested in having tile or stone outdoors (especially on a wood frame building) that if they don’t have a budget sufficient to do it properly they should not even consider it. Taking money-saving short cuts with an “assembly” that requires all the components to work together could prove to be extremely expensive in the long run.
CLICK HERE TO READ/DOWNLOAD THIS WHITE PAPER
BUILDERS WILDFIRE MITIGATION GUIDE-California Code Requirements
Information on this website was compiled by a number of people at University of California, Berkeley, and is based on input from fire tests, observations of wildfire damage, and input from those who are involved in firefighting. It is very important to realize that no (livable!) house is fire proof, but you can make it more fire-safe!
There are two basic kinds of decks – those that have a solid surface and those that utilize (usually gapped) deck boards over the structural framing. The upper surface of a solid surface deck and the underside of gapped-board deck are shown in this slide.
During a wildfire, decks can be ignited from a surface fire from below and/or ember attack from above. If ignited, the burning deck will present a long term flame impingement exposure to the side of the house, potentially igniting or otherwise resulting in failure of the siding, and/or breaking the glass of a window or sliding glass door. If the decking and/or siding is very combustible, flames could spread to the eave.
Issues:
- Open frame versus solid surface, membrane deck:
- Most deck boards used in open framed decks are considered combustible (wood, plastic or fiber-plastic composites).
- If exterior rated fire-retardant treated lumber is used, then the deck boards are classified as ignition resistant.
- Most solid surface deck surfaces are noncombustible (concrete, stone, tile, etc.)
- Flame spread, edge of deck to wall
- Enclosure of decks
- horizontal
- vertical
- Need for venting if enclosed
DECKS-Fire Safe Or Not?
By Stephen Quarles Email: This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it '; document.write( '' ); document.write( addy_text5933 ); document.write( '<\/a>' ); //-->\n This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
Click to Read More About Stephen Quarles
Steve Quarles is a University of California Cooperative Extension Advisor in Wood Building Durability. His research and extension program focuses on wildfire and moisture durability issues as related to the in-service performance of wood framed buildings.
CLICK THE TITLE TO READ THE ARTICLE-This article focuses on wood decks and plastic/composite decking. This article is provided here for you to read and use to help decide to go with a solid surface (waterproof) deck or a "traditional" deck.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Homeowners Wildfire Mitigation Guide
DECKS
By decks, we are including all types of horizontal walkways, including landings, porches, and patios that are directly connected or very close to a house. Decks are described by the surface that you walk on (called the deck covering). There are two basic kinds of decks – those that use deck boards as the deck covering, and those that have a solid surface deck covering. The deck boards are almost always made from combustible materials (wood or one of the wood fiber – plastic composite or 100% plastic deck board products). Solid surface deck coverings are usually made from noncombustible materials, and include light-weight concrete or stone. They are built over occupied (living) space. Occasionally an open frame deck will be installed over a water-proof membrane, again built over occupied space. As with normal decks, this open-frame deck will also be vulnerable to accumulation of debris, and ignition by burning embers.
Decks: Potential Problems
There are two major problems that decks present. First, they are a great source of fuel and an ignited deck will also certainly endanger many portions of a structure. Second, nearly all decks are adjacent to large windows or glass sliders. The heat from the deck fire can cause the glass to fail and permit the fire to enter the house, where entry means certain destruction.
READ THE UC Homeowners Wildfire Mitigation Guide By Clicking Here
Construction Concerns: Cantilevered Balconies
Modern balconies and decks may not be able to to handle the weights required for firefighting operations. Gregory Havel takes an in-depth look at this aspect of contemporary building construction.Article and photo by Gregory Havel
Gregory Havel is a member of the (WI) Fire Department; retired deputy chief and training officer; and a 30-year veteran of the fire service. He is a Wisconsin-certified fire instructor II and fire officer II, an adjunct instructor in fire service programs at Gateway Technical College, and safety director for Scherrer Construction Co., Inc. He has a bachelor's degree from St. Norbert College. He has more than 30 years of experience in facilities management and building construction.
Balconies and second-floor decks have been built on single-family and multifamily residences for hundreds of years. In earlier times, they were usually supported by simple beams, whose loads were carried by the wall of the building on one side and by a row of columns on the other.
In modern lightweight-wood frame construction, these balconies and decks are often carried by cantilever beams, supported by the building wall on one side, unsupported on the other; and counterbalanced by an extension of the cantilevers to beams inside the floor-ceiling assemblies inside the building.
Photo 1 shows the framing for a second-floor deck on a house under construction. The cantilevered beams are dimensional lumber nailed together. Since this deck also serves as a canopy over the French doors on the first floor, it is supported on a beam of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) that is part of a load-bearing wall of 2x6 studs.
CLICK HERE TO READ ALL OF THIS ARTICLE AT FIREENGINEERING.COM
Construction Concerns: Combustible Metal Deck Roofs
Under fire conditions, metal deck roofs can present some problems for firefighting operations. Gregory Havel discusses their properties and some developments regarding insulating them.Article and photos by Gregory Havel
For decades, builders have been using metal roof decking supported by bar joists, covered with combustible insulation board and a roof membrane that is often topped with gravel. The earliest of these roofs had melted asphalt mopped onto the steel roof deck to hold down the insulation board with additional melted asphalt mopped between and on top of the layers of roofing felt. This was known as a “built-up” roof and was inexpensive when compared with other types of roofs.
CLICK HERE TO READ ALL OF THIS ARTICLE AT FIREENGINEERING.COM
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Caveat Emptor: Let the Buyer Beware!
In fire protection terms, "caveat emptor" applies to our understanding of marketing literature and broadcast advertising regarding building materials and products, especially when they claim to be fire rated or fire retardant. Greg Havel discusses fire resistance claims in the marketing of building construction materials.- If the products are advertised as tested and listed for use in assemblies rated in hours (one-hours, two-hours, etc.), they were probably tested for resistance to a test fire according to the procedure in NPFA 251 (ASTM E119, UL 263), Methods of Tests of Fire Resistance of Building Construction and Materials. This test rates how well (and for how long) an assembly of materials like studs, drywall board, insulation, and fasteners will resist the effects of the test fire in a laboratory.
READ ALL OF GREG'S ARTICLE BY CLICKING HERE TO FIREENGINEERING.COM
WATERPROOF ROOFTOP DECKS & BALCONIES Or How to Keep Your Ceiling Dry When People Walk on Your Roof
by Jim Katen
This is a good slide show by Oregon based home inspector Jim Katen. He discusses the various types of decks and waterproofing. Take a look!
IS IT REALLY WATERPROOF?
By Dave Gobis
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David M. Gobis, a third-generation tile setter, is an independent Technical Consultant. Mr. Gobis is an author of over 100 trade-related articles and a frequent speaker at industry events. He is a voting member of The American National Standards, and Tile Council of America Installation Handbook committees. He can be reached via email,
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Here is an excerpt from Dave's article found at Tile Magazine's website.
Tile is becoming increasingly popular for decks, be they slab on grade (not a huge concern other than proper pitch), raised wood decks (a big concern) or roof decks (a huge concern). The requirements for above-grade decks are very exacting and space does not allow us to explore them in depth. These types of projects should utilize only the very best products and those highly skilled in their use. Decks and patios are fraught with obstacles to a successful installation. Most typical failures occur due to unskilled or semi-skilled labor, use of inappropriate products, railing penetrations, failure to allow for thermal and moisture movement, lack of counter flashing, and poor drainage provisions. Claims for water damage in these types of installations can be for a staggering amount of money in some cases. Exterior deck, patio, and pool deck failures have provided a substantial portion of my income so far this year as a consultant. I also have yet to see a product failure, however, it was alleged there was a failing product on every job. So far all have been inappropriate product selection and/or poor workmanship. Tile can easily be used in these applications offering problem-free performance with the right selections and labor.
Unfortunately, there is no end in sight to leaky decks, tubs, showers, and an increasing amount of steam rooms. These calls seem to be increasing in number — a fact supported by every single manufacturer I have spoken with. This is really sad because it hurts the market for ceramic tile, stone, and related products. Manufacturers have done an outstanding job of developing products to address waterproofing in particular. With the blurring of the traditional tile setter into the realm of floor coverer, waterproofing has seen a disproportionate amount of failures.
READ THE REST OF DAVE's article by clicking on the title above.
Why Hire a Waterproofing Expert Instead of an Architect or a General Contractor for Your Construction Defect Claims?
By David L.M. Krubinski
In most areas of litigation, hiring experts to inspect, analyze, consult and offer expert opinion testimony is common practice. Attorneys use experts because of an expert’s highly developed skills relative to the subject at issue in the litigation in order to ensure that clients receive superior quality representation. This is often exemplified in courtroom dramas, where ballistic experts may proffer testimony relative to the mechanisms and medical implications of trauma caused by bullets and explosively driven fragments, psychiatrists may offer opinions relative to a defendant’s sanity to assist in the determination of whether an actus reus was accompanied by some level of mens rea to constitute the crime with which the defendant is charged and accountants may testify relative to the significance of key financial documents. What about Construction Defect Litigation? Can an expert be the answer to your success in such cases and, if so, why should you retain a water proofing expert rather than an architect or a general contractor?
It is a widely accepted practice for attorneys and insurance carriers to hire industry professionals as experts for construction defect litigation. This is done with good reason--shouldn’t the professionals who are intimately familiar with designing, engineering and building be an integral part of the process establishing whether the design and/or construction of a project was defective? Without exception, the answer is “yes.”
READ THE REST OF THIS ARTICLE BY CLICKING ON THE TITLE
Concepts for Plaza Deck Projects
FROM THE ROOFING CONSULTANT'S INSTITUTE'S WEBSITE
By Peter D’Antonio
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Peter D’Antonio has been with Sarnafil Roofing and Waterproofing Systems for more than 20 years in a variety of sales, marketing, and man agement positions. Mr. D’Antonio currently acts as the Waterproofing Manager and National Sales Manager of Educational Facilities at Sarnafil. An active RCI member since 1988, he has also served on the Board of Directors for the Sealant, Waterproofing, and Restoration Institute (SWRI), the Boston Chapter of CSI, and is currently on the Executive Committee of the US Department of Energy’s Rebuild America Program. Peter resides in New Hampshire. He can be reached at peter.d’
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systems and design. Many of these papers have focused on contrasting system types, material advantages, and recommended
standards. In most cases, these articles may be viewed as plaza deck waterproofing primers since they are based on both a generic material analysis and a general level of waterproofing experience. Despite advances in material technology and installation
experience, however, there unfortunately continues to be an increase in leaks, litigation, and premature replacement of plaza deck systems. Although it is easy for designers and manufacturers
to blame workmanship for most problems, certain safeguards
by all parties could be taken to forestall problems. This article is intended to review several important concepts that should be applicable to most deck waterproofing projects. The concepts are not original but are based on observations accumulated
from more than a thousand plaza deck applications, mostly rehab projects completed over the past 12 years.
Concept 1: One size does not fit all. The system from the last application may not be the best choice for the current project.
READ THE REST OF PETER'S ARTICLE ON PLAZA DECKS BY CLICKING ON THE TITLE ABOVE.
WATERPROOFING FOR TILE DECKS
Ceramic, porcelain, and stone tile decks and patios, this section will detail these installations. For tiling patios on concrete slabs on grade, look in Floors Exterior. This section will deal with elevated tile patios and tile decks in an exterior environment.
Generally, ceramic, porcelain, or stone tile can be installed over suitable substrates, in elevated exterior locations, including mortar beds and in some cases backer board units.
Note: For a backer board unit installation, look further in this section for details.
These substrates must be structurally sound, meet deflection requirements, and meet on-plane requirements.
| Dr's tip: As always, follow the Manufacturers recommendations for all the products you plan to use in patios and decks. These projects need to comply with federal, state, and local building codes. |
Whether the intended project is new construction or an existing remodel, the demands are the same. Certain demands, outlined in this section, need to be followed to help ensure a lasting tile installation in these locations. These demands include mandatory expansion joints, moisture considerations, and thermal demands.
The mandatory expansion joints relate directly with the thermal demands. Since exterior tile-work will be exposed to the elements, the tile-work will expand and contract more than interior protected tile-work. Therefore expansion joints are necessary every 8'-12' in each direction in field and perimeter. These joints must proceed through the tile work.
Another thermal demand relates to the area of freeze thaw. In colder climates, the action of the freezing and thawing temperature can cause tile installations to fail. When excess moisture inside of a set tile freezes and then thaws, pressure builds to a point where tiles can spall and fracture. This situation relates directly to the water absorption rates for the tile selected.
ANATOMY OF A PLAZA ROOF DECK
By Bart Mendel- Stonemark Construction
As Seen In FOCUS Magazine, CAI Greater
Los Angeles Chapter, May/June 2006.
HERE IS AN EXCERPT FROM BART'S ARTICLE
As time passes, and many residential complexes face their 20 th , 30 th or 40 th year, maintenance
issues change. In this article we will look at a plaza deck building system in order to understand
how it was originally constructed, expectations for its life expectancy, how to extend the life of
the system, and ultimately how and when to replace the waterproofing.
Many apartment complexes and associations are constructed with a structural concrete deck
above one or more levels of subterranean parking. Generally there are a number of separate
residential buildings built on top of the structural concrete deck. For the purpose of this article,
we are calling the area in between the buildings the plaza deck. This plaza deck is generally the
common area and is enriched with walkways, landscaping, planters, exterior lighting, and
sometimes amenities such as tennis courts, swimming pools or spas.
Plaza deck construction varies but generally the structural concrete portion of the assembly is
about 12” thick with two layers of steel reinforcement, one at the top and one at the bottom of the
pour. Rebar should have 2” concrete cover.
READ ALL OF BART'S ARTICLE AT Greater LA CAI's WEBSITE BY CLICKING ON THE TITLE ABOVE.
PLAZA WATERPROOFING BASIC'S
By Dean Rutila
Dean Rutila is a principal with Simpson Gumpertz & Heger, Inc.
INTRODUCTION
Waterproofing the plaza deck is a critical task for a buried or partially buried building, often located at or near grade over commercial, office, museum and academic spaces. These palza are commonly at the perimiter of a main building, and may have pedestrian and vehicle traffic, planters, landscaping and water features. The plaza roofs on these buried buildings provide attractive landscaped and paved public places, reduce the apparent mass of a building, and limit visual conflicts with existing architecture. But the construction cost and the risk of premature leakage are much greater than with conventional roofing. Plaza systems also iclude terrace roof decks at higher elevations on buildings and parking garage roof decks. Most plaza waterproofing systems include insulation over conditioned interiors, although plazas over parking garages are often uninsulated.
In many ways, this summary of plaza waterproofing is an old story. Several times each year we are asked to look at another plaza with a history of leakage. We find that there have been past repairs and unsuccessful reconstruction attempts and continued leakage. After years of "getting by" with interior gutters and buckets, the owner is tired of the leaks and wants it fixed. Some of these plazas have been leaking for their entire 30 years. Some are recently built. Each time, we find one or more of the following:
READ ALL OF DEAN's ARTICLE BY CLICKING ON THE TITLE ABOVE.THE CHALLENGES OF RETROFIT PLAZA DECK WATERPROOFING
By Gary W Whittemore
Gary W. Whittemore, CDT, has been with Sarnafil Roofing
and Waterproofing Systems for five years. He currently serves
as the product manager for the U.S. waterproofing division
based in Sarnafil’s corporate office in Canton, MA. Prior to
this position, he was the national retail and strategic
accounts manager for the roofing division. Before joining
Sarnafil, Whittemore held various waterproofing sales and
product management positions during a 20-year career at W.
R. Grace & Co.
Creating a leak-free building is one of the greatest challenges
in our industry. Fixing leaks after the fact is even more challenging, especially on plaza decks. Plaza decks incorporate extensive overburden
systems, depending on their use. If there is a leak, the waterproofing membrane may be buried under tons of reinforced concrete,
heavy pavers or pavement, soil, and plantings. The removal and replacement of such overburdens represent a significant cost to the building owner.
Even the most successful waterproofing systems require maintenance or replacement
at some point during the life cycle of the building. A waterproofing system is made up of multiple components, and the failure of one component can lead to the failure
of the entire system. The fix is expensive
– many times more than the original cost. The situation is further compounded because the building is likely to be occupied and in use at the time of the repair.
READ GARY'S WHOLE ARTICLE BY CLICKING ON THE TITLE ABOVE.
ROOFING/WATERPROOFING DETAILS and the Architects Standard of Care
By Colin Murphy and Lonnie Haughton
Colin Murphy founded Exterior Research & Design, LLC (originally
Trinity Engineering, Inc.) in Seattle, WA, in 1986 and has since expanded the firm to include offices in Waterbury, CT, and Portland, OR. Colin is a Registered Roof Consultant and has been elected to the RCI Jury of Fellows. He also is a LEED® Accredited Professional, a certified EIFS Third Party Inspector, and an ICC-certified Building Inspector. Colin is the principal author of The Roof Construction Guide for General Contractors, published in 1998 by RCI.
Lonnie Haughton serves as a construction consultant for Richard Avelar & Associates in Oakland, CA, and is one of fewer than 400 individuals nationwide who has been certified by the International Code Council as a Master Code Professional. Lonnie is a LEED® Accredited Professional, a certified EIFS Third Party Inspector, and an accredited instructor for the InstallationMasters window/door installation
training and certification program developed by AAMA.
In the past, it was not uncommon for a project architect or specifier to pass a major portion of the design responsibility over to
“NO LONGER SHOULD IT BE ARGUED THAT THESE CRITICAL TASKS CAN SIMPLY BE PASSED ON TO THE CONTRACTOR AND HIS/HER SUBCONTRACTORS.”
the building contractor by simply calling out “flashing” on a typical wall section or roof plan within the project documents. We have seen construction drawings in which the designer’s entire guidance for proper flashing and weatherproofing of the exterior wall and roof covering systems consisted solely of the brief specification, “Comply with applicable code requirements” inserted into the General Notes. In these cases, the project’s design professional quite simply is stating that while it is his/her general “design intent” that the building envelope shall not leak, it is up to the contractor to figure out how to carry out this broad mandate.
However, the referenced new I-Codes2 now make it completely clear that the final responsibility for a detailed and effective design for the building envelope remains with the project’s designated design professional
and/or the qualified roofing and waterproofing design professionals assisting the project. Prior to issuance of the building permit, the construction documents must include comprehensive waterproofing details:
“... including flashing, intersections with dissimilar materials, corners, end details, control joints, intersections
at roof, eaves, or parapets, means of drainage, water-resistive membrane, and details around openings.”
Further: “The exterior wall envelope shall be designed [bold emphasis added] and constructed in such a manner as to prevent the accumulation of water within the wall assembly by providing a water-resistive barrier behind the exterior veneer...”
“Roof coverings shall be designed [bold emphasis added], installed, and maintained in accordance with this code and the approved manufacturer’s instructions such that the roof covering shall serve to protect the building or structure.”
Note in the code language quoted above the addition (new to the I-Codes) of the short phrase “be designed,” which advises the project’s design professional that his/her standard of care typically will include project-specific detailing (typically during the pre-construction process) of the wall and roof covering systems and their associated flashings. No longer should it be argued that these critical tasks can simply be passed on to the contractor and his/her subcontractors.
READ THE REST OF THIS ARTICLE BY CLICKING HERE
THE GREAT MOISTURE MOVEMENT
By Joesph L Crissinger
Mr. Crissinger is a construction materials specifier with 22 years of experience. As a partner with McMillan Smith and Partners Architects in Spartanburg, Greenville, and Charleston, SC, he evaluates new products and develops all written construction specifications for the firm. His responsibilities also include facility assessment, field investigations, and the coordination of internal training programs. Mr. Crissinger is a Certified Construction Specifier and a Certified Construction Contracts Administrator.
Volumes have been written about moisture and its movement. This discussion will inform the reader of the various ways that moisture can move in and take up residence in a building cavity (assembly),such as the space between the exterior and interior walls.
THE RULES
Moisture movement occurs when it moves from one state or one point to another.
Sounds simple enough, doesn’t it? How does this happen? Well, let’s review a few simple rules regarding moisture movement:
• Moisture flows downhill.
• Moisture looks for an opening.
• Moisture follows the path of least resistance.
• Warm air holds more moisture than cool air does.
• Moisture moves from a higher humidity to a lower humidity.
• Moisture moves from warmer temperature
to a cooler temperature.
• Moisture moves from higher vapor pressure to a lower vapor pressure.
Put another way, just think high to low, like the evening weatherman showing a high pressure moving to a low pressure.
Beginning with water in its solid state (ice), if enough heat is added, it changes to water. If more heat is added, the liquid changes to a gaseous state. Removing heat causes the reverse to occur. Therefore, it can be said that heat or the absence of heat is the mechanism that allows water to change states.
FLASHING DETAILS – EXTERIOR TILE DECK CONSTRUCTION
By Mark Marsch
Mark Marsch has over 14 years in waterproofing consulting and support services on multiple projects.Here is an excerpt from Mark's article on flashings for Tile Decks
1) Sheet metal
Because sheet metal is installed first, it is critical to the complete tile assembly. Setting up the proper elevations for the full tile assembly should be done prior to any metal installation. Sheet metal should be installed at all deck transitions. Since the sheet metal contractors are not familiar with the waterproofing requirements nor are they responsible for the tile elevations, it is critical that they be given direction. All of these transition details can be prefabricated prior to installation in the field. The architect will usually specify soldered corners on all prefabricated items.
The waterproofing manufacturers, since they do not sell nor do they warrant the metal, require that the installation at least follow SMACNA (California Association of Sheet Metal and Air Condition Contractors, National Association) guidelines. Merkote Products is the only manufacturer that I’m aware of that provides its customers written direction on metal details. You can find these details at WWW.merkote.com under Mer-krete systems. For our applications on an exterior deck, the nailing patterns are minimum 3in. on center in a staggered pattern with a minimum 4 in. overlap between metal pieces. All overlap joints must have sealant (a single component urethane is recommended) between the laps.
The metal laps should always follow the same lapping procedure as you would use with sheathing membranes on walls. Since some decks have the slope built into the framing you want to start at the lower end and lap over the lower pieces as you would do with shingles.
READ MARK'S WHOLE ARTICLE BY CLICKING ON THE TITLE ABOVE.
TILE ROOF DECKS
Article in September 1991 issue of Tile & Decorative Surfaces written by George N. Lavenberg, FCSI, CIC, Technical Director.
Editors Note-While some of the systems may not exist or have been changed, the premise remains the same. Low slope roof decks must have the proper flashings, waterproofing and be built to handle the maximum load intended or you risk failure of the deck system ...read the excerpt below
"It’s only a roof deck!" Did you ever hear that statement? When and if you do, be prepared for problems, and very possibly big ones. Where roof decks and concerned, roof is the most important word. When it comes to keeping water out, how the roof deck is constructed is at least as important as the balance of the roof itself, since both must satisfy the same requirement to keep the rooms and equipment below them dry.
SOME BAD EXAMPLES
A roof deck was leaking badly. Upon investigation, it was found that the installation had been made using one of the methods described in the Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation. Why, then, the leakage? The method selected was one involving a cleavage membrane, and it had been chosen even though some of the other methods contained in the Handbook called for a waterproof membrane. The purpose of the cleavage membrane, as you will recall, is to isolate the tile floor from the structure, not to serve as a waterproof membrane.
READ GEORGE LAVENBERG's WHOLE ARTICLE BY CLICKING ON THE TITLE ABOVE.
Tile Troubleshooting:
Tiling Over Exterior Balconies and Decks — Risk or Reward?
by Bart Bettiga
June 4, 2007
Bart Bettiga is the Executive Director of the National Tile Contractors Association. Established in 1947, the NTCA is dedicated to providing education for the proper installation of tile and its allied products to the ceramic tile industry. More information on the NTCA is available on-line at www.tile-assn.com.
In the last several years, we have seen a significant increase in the amount of inquiries regarding the proper installation of ceramic tile on an exterior deck or balcony. This is due in large part to the increase in construction of multi-family housing and high-rise luxury condominium projects. In addition, the rebuilding efforts along the coasts of several states hit by numerous hurricanes in the past few years have added to the demand for tile and stone, and their durability characteristics when properly installed.
In a seminar I attended recently hosted by the National Association of Home Builders, the speaker discussed at length the increasing trend of consumers to invest in elaborate exterior living spaces. Patios, decks, and balconies were specifically mentioned as areas that will take on increasing importance over the next several years. Our industry should realize this opportunity, but tread cautiously in regards to our approach.
As I write this article, I just got off of the telephone with one of my contractor members from the great state of Florida. I could feel his frustration through the line. “As contractors, we are being told so many different stories by the manufacturer, we don’t know whom to believe,” he said. “There are so many products out there advertising their system will work in exterior installations on balconies, we don’t know which way to turn.”
READ THE REST OF BART'S ARTICLE BY CLICKING ON THE TITLE ABOVE!
WATERPROOF OR VAPOR PROOF?
by Dave Gobis
March 10, 2008
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David M. Gobis, a third-generation tile setter, is an independent Technical Consultant. Mr. Gobis is an author of over 100 trade-related articles and a frequent speaker at industry events. He is a voting member of The American National Standards, and Tile Council of America Installation Handbook committees. He can be reached via email,
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This article can be found at TILE Magazine. Here is an excerpt from it...
Exterior Decks
Exterior tile decks are fraught with any number of issues. Most if not all tile membrane manufacturers will not warrant their systems as the sole source of waterproofing over an occupied space. While some may be up to the challenge from a technical point of view, the margin for error in application is zero making most manufacturers gun shy of this type of installation. When used, the waterproofing must be effectively flashed into the existing structure. Rails may not penetrate the system and the water must drain somewhere. Movement joints must be correctly constructed incorporating the waterproof material. If the deck is not over a living space, the liability is not as great but the same principles apply.
READ ALL OF DAVE'S ARTICLE BY CLICKING ON THE TITLE ABOVE.
GREAT MAGAZINE FOR PRO'S TO SUBSCRIBE TO-THE APPLICATOR
This full-color, 24-page quarterly technical journal is the official publication of the Sealant Waterproofing & Restoration Institute (SWR Institute), the international trade association that represents the commercial sealant, waterproofing and restoration construction industry. The Applicator includes timely informative articles about application, techniques and solutions to problems with sealants, waterproofing and restoration construction, as well as provides a forum where pertinent views and opinions can be expressed and shared. Industry leaders, who provide practical advice based on real-life experience, write a majority of the articles and lend to the magazine's authority and credibility.
(Disclosure-we get nothing for this button being here...no money, free stuff, nada.)
MORE GREAT READING CAN BE FOUND IN THE CURRENT AND BACK ISSUES OF WATERPROOF! Magazine
WATERPROOF! Magazine is a quarterly journal dedicated to bring articles/stories and information on waterproofing. They have a bent towards below grade type waterproofing, however, they have relevant articles and information on waterproof decks. I have listed and linked several good articles of theirs below. Check it out, there is good info to be had!
Those of you in the trade or with a strong interest in waterproofing should consider taking a Subscription for $20.00. Editors note, we do not receive any compensation or consideration for this recommendation.
ROOF LEAKS: Pinpointing and Repairing
Commercial buildings often have flat roofs, which are notoriously prone to leakage. In fact, The National Roofing Contractors Association estimates that up to 40% of flat roofs develop serious problems within one year of installation.With the increased popularity of green roofs, walkways, plaza decks and solar panels, the ability to quickly find and repair faulty roofing membranes has never been higher.
Leaky roofs cost American businesses billions of dollars annually, with damage ranging from minor water stains and electrical outages to complete structural failure of the roof.
READ ALL OF THIS ARTICLE BY CLICKING ON THE TITLE ABOVE.
A green roof, or ‘vegetated roof,’ is a plant-filled rooftop garden that offers an attractive and energy-saving alternative to conventional roofing. It reduces energy consumption and decreases the “heat island” effect. It keeps buildings cooler, saves energy, and extends the useful life of the roof, while adding beauty and usable space.
Some studies show they enhance the wellbeing of the occupants, even if they can only see the roof from a distance
Green roofs are comprised of up to a dozen different components, each of which is selected for the demands that will be placed on it.
READ ALL OF THIS ARTICLE BY CLICKING ON THE TITLE ABOVE.
The “green building” movement is affecting every segment of the construction industry, and waterproofing is no exception. One of the most visible areas affected by the movement is commercial roofing, where rooftops are literally being built green with living plants.
Obviously, these “vegetative roofs” present significant challenges to designers and contractors. The weight of the soil, lack of run-off, root penetration issues, and other factors make them more complex than a typical built-up roof. The lack of construction standards also presents a challenge.
READ ALL OF THIS ARTICLE BY CLICKING ON THE TITLE ABOVE.
The Florida Community Association Journal has published several excellent articles on deck waterproofing and related issues. I've compiled a listing of these below with links to the PDF documents at FLACJ's website.
AVOIDING PITFALL'S IN PLAZA DECK RESTORATION
By Colin Meneely
Colin Meneely is a Project Manager with Structural Preservation Systems Florida East Branch in Pompano Beach, Fla.
A typical plaza deck restoration project consists of the following major work items: topping slab, and planter removal, waterproofing removal/deck preparation, concrete/pool restoration, deck/planter drain and plumbing installation, building planter walls, irrigation/electrical system installation, planter/deck waterproofing, paver installation, landscaping/amenity installation, painting and punchout.
READ ALL OF COLIN'S ARTICLE BY CLICKING ON THE TITLE ABOVE.
PLAZA AND POOL DECK WATERPROOFING
By Daniel Perez
Daniel Perez is a concrete restoration and waterproofing specialist for All-State Products Inc in Miami Fla. For more information visit www.aspfla.com
Whether underneath paver, a garden roof, or inside planters, a high build waterproofing system is critical to the protection of structural components and occupied building areas. As an owner or property manager, you may only be interested in the end result and not the application type, but there are many things to consider before making the final decision.
READ ALL OF DANIEL'S ARTICLE BY CLICKING ON THE TITLE ABOVE.
WATERPROOFING SOLUTIONS-Protecting Your Most Critical Assets
By Peter Innes
Peter Innes is owner of Innes Communication in Saddle Brook NJ. Information for this article was submitted by Kemper Systems of Boca Raton FLA.
"Community Associations are presented with a number of difficult decisions, and too often, the association members do not have enough information to make critical decisions that involve waterproofing. If you only look at competitive bids for the same type of waterproofing solution, then you're really not looking at every available soloution. You're only looking at cost when you should be looking at cost and performance.
READ ALL OF PETER'S ARTICLE BY CLICKING ON THE TITLE ABOVE.
THE TELL-TALE SIGNS OF WATER DAMAGE
By Robin Braden
Robin Braden is the purchasing and marketing manager for All-State Products with locations in Fort Meyers, Miami, Pompano, and West Palm Beach. For more information visit www.aspfla.com
Does your building have any water damage? Do you know what to look for?
Many associations do not realize the damage that water can cause; nor do they know what to look for. There are many tell-tale signs that your building reveals when water is causing damage. The good news is if after inspection, seepage is found, you can prevent further damage by stopping the leak. The following are areas that are susceptible to water damage and the signs to look for when inspecting them.
READ ALL OF ROBIN'S ARTICLE BY CLICKING ON THE TITLE ABOVE.
BALCONY REPAIR-A Long Term Approach is Best
By Ashley Kizzire
Ashley Kizzire is employed with Structural Preservation Systems of Sarasota Florida.
A typical concrete balcony in Florida, constantly exposed to the harsh coastal elements, is a breeding ground for deterioration. As such, condominium owners and associations often find themselves in the middle of balcony repair projects. All to often though, a shortsighted approach to balcony restoration is taken, and only minimal repairfs are made one at a time. As a result, owners fail to realize the practical nad economic benefits of a more long-range approach to balcony repair.
READ ALL OF ASHLEY'S ARTICLE BY CLICKING ON THE TITLE ABOVE.
SURFACE APPLIED CORROSION INHIBITORS FOR CONCRETE BALCONIES
By Steve Poling
Steve Poling is the president of Matco Supply in St Petersburg Fla. He is the local sales rep for Evonik Industries. For more information, visit www.protectosil.com
One of the most frustrating moments for a condominium owner is being hit wioth a major special assessment to repair balconies and walkways. Many times the "visual" damage seems minor-just a few pieces of concrete are popping up or some cracking in the concrete.
The Florida DOT considers any reinforced stucture built within a half mile of saltwater to be in an "extremely aggressive corrosion envirnonment." This is because chlorides (Or salt) orginating from these bodies of water are carried by airborne moisture, wind and rain onto the structures and, over time, migrate to the steel reinforcement inside.
READ ALL OF STEVE'S ARTICLE BY CLICKING ON THE TITLE ABOVE.
RAILING REPLACEMENT-Avoid Safety Issues and Future Costly Repairs Now
By Dennis Hill
Dennis Hill is the Director of Corporate Development for Poma and Sons in Palm City FLA. For more information, visit www.pomaonline.com
The pictures tell the story. Ugly rust stains drip over the concrete balcony, cracked and broken concrete and corroded railing posts are all to common sights in communites and high-rises in Florida...It is estimated that over $1 Billion a year is spent on restoration in Florida, although there are no firm figures on railing replacement as part of that restoration.
READ ALL OF DENNIS' ARTICLE BY CLICKING ON THE TITLE ABOVE.
WHEN TRAGEDY HAPPENS-A High Rise Managers Worst Fear
By Joesph Sanders CMCA
Joseph Sanders is a senior associationmanager in Northwest Florida. He has written several
articles of industry interest for
the Florida Community Association Journal.
On occasion, there comes a time when managers responsible for
operating a mid-rise or high-rise building have to deal with tragedy.
This type of tragedy is truly every high-rise manager’s worst
nightmare. That bad dream is someone falling from the building. This
may not happen to a high-rise manager in his or her entire career; yet it
may happen more than once. The chances or odds, if you will, of it occurring
are commensurate with the nature of what a high-rise building is.
Prevention is always the first item of consideration. Employees,
particularly maintenance and housekeeping, should
lways follow safety rules.when performing duties and tasks. This is especially true when performing
tasks, such as changing a light bulb or cleaning a window along a
common area walkway, in a mid-rise or high-rise structure. If said employees
find themselves above the balcony or walkway railing in the course
of their tasks, they should wear a safety harness. An extra measure of
safety is having another employee
with them to observe and assist.
READ THE REST OF THIS ARTICLE AT FLACJ by Clicking on the Title
Articles From Building Services Management Magazine
Infrared Thermography For Restoration
By jill Wagner Jill H. Wagner is a freelance writer and consultant with more than 13 years of experience in a wide range of industries. She holds a Master of Arts in Marketing and Advertising from Emerson College, and can be reached at
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Moisture in building materials can destroy structural integrity and nurture mold, especially if the problem remains hidden or becomes excessive. Mold, which can begin to grow within 24 hours after moisture seepage, has forced organizations to spend millions on environmental tests and structural restoration, adversely affecting their bottom lines. From a health standpoint, exposure to mold can cause allergic reactions, asthma, and other serious respiratory issues for a building’s inhabitants, too. The first step in eliminating mold is to quickly and accurately locate and remove all sources of moisture. Since some sources of moisture and areas where mold may potentially grow are impossible to see with the naked eye, infrared thermography is the ideal technology to use when inspecting buildings for restoration. Infrared thermography is a fast and non-invasive technology that can accurately track down sources of moisture in the building envelope – even when hidden behind interior walls, within insulation, or in the ceiling. An infrared camera detects thermal anomalies by imaging the different temperatures of wet versus dry building materials. Thermal images produced by the infrared camera enable the thermographer to determine whether moisture or even mold may already be lurking.
DRY WITHOUT GUESSWORK HAT Science Helps Tackle Water Intrusion Problems
By Brandon Burton
Brandon Burton is an approved IICRC instructor in the categories of Applied Structural Drying (ASD) and Water Damage Restoration (WRT). He is the technical education manager at Dri-Eaz Products, Inc., a leading provider of portable environmental control solutions. For more information, visit www.dri-eaz.com or call 1-800-932-3030. When water makes an uninvited entry into your building from broken pipes, failed roofing or any other source, instinct may tell you to set up a couple of convenience fans, adjust the HVAC, open windows, or try some combination of these. Unfortunately, responding this way often creates more problems than it solves. Water intrusion can have a tremendous impact on building material performance and appearance. Water and moisture related challenges occur every day in the form of burst pipes, seasonal humidity challenges, natural disaster, or simply carpets that are too wet after a cleaning job. Clearly, water can cause severe physical damage to the materials and contents of a building when it sits for too long. Mold and mildew can begin to grow.
ARTICLE FROM DAVID REED CONSULTING WEBSITE
Preventing Moisture Intrusion in Buildings With a Drainage Plane
David Reed is a seasoned professional with over 25 years experience in building construction. For over 20 years he has specialized in waterproofing systems. As a water intrusion consultant, David understands building science and the physics of water and building materials. He has worked with architects, builders, contractors, subcontractors, inspectors, homeowners associations, property managers, the military, and municipalities for design and remediation of waterproofing.
The 2007 California Building Code went into effect at the first of this year, and with it came important changes affecting how architects and builders prevent water intrusion in buildings. Few in the industry, however, understand how drainage planes work and how to implement them, which is essential to effectively address section 1403.2 of the revised building code.
Creating an effective drainage plane for a building is designing a way to drain water, which enters the building envelope, to the exterior.
In the past, the building industry addressed water drainage rather minimally, since people believed that water did not accumulate in a typical frame wall assembly with a typical water-resistive underlayment such as No. 15 building paper. They assumed that sufficient water migration on the face of the underlayment would carry the moisture downward to drain at a...
READ ALL OF DAVID'S ARTICLE BY CLICKING ON THE TITLE ABOVE.
By David Reed
In building science water is rarely controlled by gravity. The assumption that building leaks are caused by water falling from the sky is what sets apart the homeowner, adjuster, contractor, architect, mold hygienist, etc. from the building scientist.
To tread dangerously back into high school physics, the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics, offers these principles;•Moisture moves from areas of higher concentrations to areas of lower concentrations
•Moisture travels from areas of higher air pressure to areas of lower air pressure
•Moisture moves from warmer areas to cooler areas.
Thus buildings suck! Moisture that is.
READ ALL OF DAVID'S ARTICLE BY CLICKING ON THE TITLE ABOVE.
GREAT ARTICLE ON SCUPPERS AS FOUND AT WALLS & CEILINGS
Difficult Details #1: Scuppers
by Robert Thomas
October 19, 2000
Scuppers are a type of true-wall penetration that functions as a drain for water. Usually this is for rain water, but it can also serve for water occurring by hosing off a deck or roof. Often, scuppers go through the wall of a deck that has EIFS on both sides, or through a parapet, which has EIFS on both sides. This article will provide you with some insight how to properly handle this common detail. You can keep this list and use it as a reminder when designing or bidding EIFS projects.
Scupper time
Scuppers in EIFS walls are very difficult to seal because the wall is often hollow (made of studs and sheathing), and it is difficult to “marry” the complex scupper flashings into the EIFS coatings. Hence, if the scupper leaks, it gets into the EIFS wall construction, and may also get into the soffit below (if there is one). This can create havoc, as often decks on multi-unit condos or apartments are stacked-up for many stories, and if one leaks, well ...
READ ALL OF ROBERT'S ARTICLE BY CLICKING ON THE TITLE ABOVE.
ARTICLES FOUND IN PROFESSIONAL ROOFING MAGAZINE'S ARCHIVES
Professional Roofing Magazine's archives can be accessed when you register for a free account. I've found a few articles here in their archives that are relevant to our website, and so I suggest you register and read the rest at Professional Roofing Magazine!
Obstacles & opportunities
Vegetative roof systems face obstacles to industrywide acceptance
by Elizabeth J. GrantDespite the recent popularity and widely touted benefits of vegetative roof systems, there still is some trepidation regarding the use of such systems among many in the construction industry. The concerns are not unfounded given a building's first line of defense against the elements is its roof.
In his 1989 book Roofing: Design Criteria, Options, Selection, Robert D. Herbert wrote "over 50 percent of post-construction problems can be attributed to roofing or related systems" and "approximately 65 percent of all lawsuits brought against architects during one recent period originated with roofing problems."
Although these statistics are dated, the explanation Herbert gives for these phenomena during the 1980s, namely the introduction of a large number of new roofing technologies in a brief time period, may be analogous to the current situation facing vegetative roof systems.
Vegetative roof systems, though viable alternatives to traditional roof systems, face some obstacles to widespread acceptance.
Components
There is an important functional distinction between vegetative roof systems and more traditional roof systems. Traditional roof membranes generally fall into the category of weatherproofing. Conversely, the membranes required beneath vegetative roof systems, which periodically support damp growth medium, can be considered waterproofing membranes. Many vegetative roof system membrane suppliers classify vegetative roof systems as waterproofing.
Waterproofing typically requires a thicker membrane than weatherproofing and requires especially careful installation and detailing. And obviously, additional materials are needed to sustain the vegetative portion of vegetative roof systems.
The NRCA Vegetative Roof Systems Manual, Second Edition identifies a series of components recommended for vegetative roof systems of different depths ranging from extensive to intensive. Following are design considerations for some of the critical layers located above the waterproofing membrane, namely the...
READ THE REST OF ELIZABETH'S ARTICLE BY CLICKING ON THE TITLE ABOVE. You will need to register for a free account before being able to view the entire article.
ERECTING A DEFENSE OF THE DRY BUILDING
Basic understanding of the ‘drain, deflect, drain’ fundamentals provides solid foundation for effective building-envelope systems
By John Edgar Sto Corp.
Architects, specifiers, and contractors who specify and apply coatings as water-resistive and air-barrier components in a wall assembly will achieve the needed objectives if they understand the basic building-science principles behind bulk water intrusion in walls. Understanding the “leak triangle” and utilizing he Three ‘D’ approach—Deflect, Drain, Dry—will enable the design-construction team to work more effectively in analyzing problems and recommending solutions.But what do the designer and contractor need to know about keeping bulk water out of walls, and deliver the kind of project that the client demands?
It’s not uncommon for owners to discuss water penetration issues with the designer and contractor. For the owner, a problem probably already exists, or he wouldn’t be calling. For the construction team, the objective is to prevent leaks to ensure they can pass along a dry project to the client. Both may assume that the perfect waterproof coating will resolve all problems and provide the easy solution.
If only it were so simple.
READ THE REST OF JOHN'S ARTICLE BY CLICKING ON THE TITLE ABOVE. You will need to register for a free account before being able to view the entire article.
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